Statistics Calculator
Calculate mean, median, mode, range, variance and standard deviation from a list of numbers.
What each statistic means
Mean is the average of all values. Median is the middle value when the numbers are sorted (or the average of the two middle values for an even count). Mode is the most frequently occurring value or values. Range is the difference between the highest and lowest values.
Population vs. sample standard deviation
Population standard deviation is used when your numbers represent an entire group you care about. Sample standard deviation (which divides by n-1 instead of n) is used when your numbers are a sample drawn from a larger population, and is very slightly larger to account for the extra uncertainty of estimating from a sample.
Frequently asked questions
Which standard deviation should I use, population or sample?
Use population standard deviation if your data is the complete set you're interested in (like every student's score in one specific class). Use sample standard deviation if your data is a subset used to estimate a larger population (like a survey of 100 people used to estimate a country's opinion).
What if there's no repeated number - does mode show 'None'?
Yes - if every value in your list appears exactly once, there is no meaningful mode, so the calculator reports "None" rather than an arbitrary value.
Can I paste numbers from a spreadsheet?
Yes - the calculator accepts numbers separated by commas, spaces, or line breaks, so pasting a column or row copied from a spreadsheet generally works without any extra formatting.